GRAPHENE, CHOLINGA CHOCHULUKITSA CHOLINGA CHAMBIRI
Graphene ndi chinthu chatsopano chomwe chingasinthe zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito zovala.
Potchulidwa kale m'nkhani yathu yokhudza nsalu zatsopano, graphene ikupitilizabe kuyambitsa chisokonezo. Ndipo pali chifukwa chabwino. Atapezeka mu 2004 ndi ofufuza awiri ochokera ku Yunivesite ya Manchester, André Geim ndi Konstantin Novoselov, ndipo adalandira Mphotho ya Nobel ya Fiziki mu 2010, izi zatsopano zomwe sizinachitikepo zili ndi zinthu zingapo zapadera.
Kutenga mawonekedwe amtundu umodzi wa maatomu a kaboni omwe adakonzedwa munjira ya zisa, graphene imabwera mwanjira yoyera, yopanda zowonjezera kapena chemistry. Zokonzedwa m'mapepala opindidwa ndi kodiyoni, malo ake osalala komanso otambalala komanso mawonekedwe ake amagetsi ndi magetsi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kuphatikizira nsalu, kuwonjezera pazogwiritsa ntchito zachilengedwe, popeza graphene imatenga ma hydrocarboni ndi zinthu zina.
Graphene ingafotokozedwe ngati atomu imodzi yochuluka kwambiri ya graphite. Ndicho chinthu choyambirira cha ma allotropes ena, kuphatikizapo graphite, makala, carbon nanotubes ndi fullerenes. Ikhozanso kuwerengedwa ngati molekyulu yayikulu kwambiri yopanda malire, vuto lochepetsa banja la ma hydrocarbon onunkhira a polycyclic. Kafukufuku wa Graphene wakula mwachangu kuyambira pomwe mankhwalawa adadzipatula koyamba mu 2004. Kafukufuku adadziwitsidwa ndi mafotokozedwe am'malingaliro am'magwiridwe a graphene, kapangidwe kake ndi katundu wake, omwe onse adawerengedwa zaka makumi angapo zapitazo. Graphene wapamwamba kwambiri adatsimikiziranso kuti ndizosavuta kudzipatula, ndikupangitsa kuti kafukufuku ambiri athe. Andre Geim ndi Konstantin Novoselov ku Yunivesite ya Manchester adapambana mphotho ya Nobel mu Fizikiya mu 2010 "poyesa kuyesera za graphene wazithunzi ziwiri.
Nsalu zokutidwa ndi graphene zapezeka chifukwa chakuchepetsa mankhwala a graphene oxide. Kuchititsa nsalu apezeka kugwiritsa ntchito zokutira zingapo za graphene. Zojambula zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zimawonetsa machitidwe a nsalu. Jambulani ndi gawo lofunikira pakufotokozera kwa cyclic voltammetry. Kusanthula microscopy yamagetsi yamagetsi kumawonetsa kuwonjezeka kwamagetsi.